American Rescue Plan; where to find facts federal government programs

American Rescue Plan; where to find facts federal government programs

The written article below besides the note is direct copied from whitehouse.govfactual government approved newsfeed. To see original article click link the picture below shows what pops up when I type “IDES FEDERAL PROGRAMS TWITTER” in the Google app search bar

I don’t even use Twitter. It’s why it took me nearly a year to realize that is where I should’ve been looking for data the whole time I’ve needed aid with government-assisted programs.

Twitter screenshot most recent ILLINOIS IDES TWITTER UPDATE

Side note: I was getting fed up with the IDES Illinois website. It seemed like the last time they updated it was the mid-nineties. It shouldn’t be a “life hack” but sadly it is. The IDES as well as many other national federal programs post multiple times a day! They do so on the social media platform, Twitter, not on their website. Again, this may just be IDES Illinois but it is my guess that all federal programs and persons we are trying to get information from are posting either on Twitter or government-approved websites like irs.gov or whitehouse.gov. Everything from the CEOs of PlayStation to unemployment insurance and PUA protocols in any given state have admins posting updates daily on twitter.

So, if you’re staying off of social platforms you may want to reconsider creating a Twitter account just to follow the influences and programs that currently control your income and or life.

If you are looking for a website and it does not end in .gov or has a complicated name it is not the source site. All government programs are simple and easy to understand. If it sounds simple like IRS.gov or Whitehouse.gov it’s because it is that simple. They are the only White House official website and the only IRS official website. I use those two websites along with IDES’s Twitter feed to keep up with news on payment and job postings. If it comes from the government directly then it suggests truth only. At least until all the rules change again and again. I don’t blame the websites I blame the people in charge confusing the hell out of everyone for that.

President Biden Announces American Rescue Plan

JANUARY 20, 2021 • LEGISLATION

Emergency Legislative Package to Fund Vaccinations, Provide Immediate, Direct Relief to Families Bearing the Brunt of the COVID-19 Crisis, and Support Struggling Communities

The COVID-19 pandemic and the corresponding economic crisis are devastating families across the country. More than 20 million Americans have contracted COVID-19, and at least 370,000 have died. From big cities to small towns, too many Americans are barely scraping by, or not scraping by at all. And the pandemic has shined a light on the persistence of racial injustice in our healthcare system and our economy. The need to act is clear in the lines at food banks, the small businesses that are closed or closing, and the growing number of Americans experiencing housing insecurity. After nearly a year of the public health crisis, our nation remains in this dark winter of the pandemic and facing a deep economic crisis.

President Biden is laying out the first step of an aggressive, two-step plan for rescue, from the depths of this crisis, and recovery, by investing in America, creating millions of additional good-paying jobs, combatting the climate crisis, advancing racial equity, and building back better than before.

While Congress’s bipartisan action in December was a step in the right direction, it was only a down payment. It fell far short of the resources needed to tackle the immediate crisis. We are in a race against time, and absent additional government assistance, the economic and public health crises could worsen in the months ahead; schools will not be able to safely reopen; and vaccinations will remain far too slow.

As last month’s jobs report underscored, the virus and our economy are intertwined. We cannot rescue our economy without containing this virus.

Today, President Biden is announcing the American Rescue Plan to change the course of the pandemic, build a bridge towards economic recovery, and invest in racial justice. The American Rescue Plan will address the stark, intergenerational inequities that have worsened in the wake of COVID-19. Researchers at Columbia University estimate that these proposals will cut child poverty in half.

Specifically, President Biden’s American Rescue Plan will:

  • Mount a national vaccination program, contain COVID-19, and safely reopen schools, including by setting up community vaccination sites nationwide, scaling up testing and tracing, eliminating supply shortage problems, investing in high-quality treatments, providing paid sick leave to contain spread of the virus, addressing health disparities, and making the necessary investments to meet the president’s goal of safely reopening a majority of K-8 schools in the first 100 days.
  • Deliver immediate relief to working families bearing the brunt of this crisis bysending $1,400 per-person checks to households across America, providing direct housing and nutrition assistance, expanding access to safe and reliable childcare and affordable healthcare, increasing the minimum wage, extending unemployment insurance, and giving families with kids and childless workers an emergency boost this year.
  • Support communities that are struggling in the wake of COVID-19 by providing support for the hardest-hit small businesses, especially small businesses owned by entrepreneurs of color, and protecting the jobs of the first responders, transit workers, and other essential workers we depend on.

In addition to addressing the public health and economic crises head on, the President’s plan will provide emergency funding to upgrade federal information technology infrastructure and address the recent breaches of federal government data systems. This is an urgent national security issue that cannot wait.

President Biden’s $1.9 trillion American Rescue Plan is ambitious, but achievable, and will rescue the American economy and start beating the virus. Congress should act expeditiously to help working families, communities, and small businesses persevere through the pandemic.

This legislative package is needed now to address the immediate crises. In the coming weeks, President Biden will lay out his economic recovery plan to invest in America, create millions of additional good-paying jobs, combat the climate crisis, and build back better than before.

Mount a national vaccination program, contain COVID-19, and safely reopen schools

The pandemic is raging, with record highinfection and death rates. A new strain of the virus that is even more contagious is appearing in communities across the country. Meanwhile, Americans are waiting to get their vaccines, even while doses are sitting on shelves. More than ten months into the pandemic, we still lack necessary testing capacity and are suffering from shortages of supplies like basic protective equipment for those on the front lines. Americans of color are being infected and are dying from COVID-19 at greater rates because of lasting systemic racism in our health care system. And, older Americans continue to suffer at disproportionate rates.

We can’t wait to slow the spread of this virus. And, we can’t fight this pandemic in fits and starts. President Biden is putting forward a comprehensive plan to deal with this crisis and launch a whole-of-government COVID-19 response plan that will change the course of the pandemic by ensuring we have necessary supplies and protective gear, increasing testing to mitigate spread, vaccinating the US population, safely reopening schools, and addressing COVID-19 health disparities.

To support this plan, President Biden is calling on Congress to provide the $160 billion in funding necessary to save American lives and execute on his plan to mount a national vaccination program, expand testing, mobilize a public health jobs program, and take other necessary steps to build capacity to fight the virus. He is also calling on Congress to ensure our schools have everything they need to safely reopen and to provide emergency paid leave so people can stay home when needed to help contain the spread of the virus. Altogether, this would put over $400 billion toward these critical measures for addressing COVID-19.

President Biden’s rescue proposal will:

Mount a national vaccination program. Current vaccination efforts are not sufficient to quickly and equitably vaccinate the vast majority of the U.S. population. We must ensure that those on the ground have what they need to get vaccinations into people’s arms. The president’s proposal will invest $20 billion in a national vaccination program in partnership with states, localities, Tribes and territories. This will include launching community vaccination centers around the country and deploying mobile vaccination units to hard-to-reach areas. The Biden Administration will take action to ensure all people in the United States–regardless of their immigration status–can access the vaccine free-of-charge and without cost-sharing. To help states ensure that all Medicaid enrollees will be vaccinated, President Biden will also work with Congress to expand the Federal Medicaid Assistance Percentage (FMAP) to 100% for the administration of vaccines.

Scale up testing to stop the spread of COVID, safely reopen schools, and protect at-risk populations. While we are working to vaccinate the population, we need to focus on what we know works. Testing is a critical strategy for controlling the spread of COVID-19, yet the U.S. is still not using it effectively. Despite innovations to improve testing, tests are still not widely available. The president’s plan invests $50 billion in a massive expansion of testing, providing funds for the purchase of rapid tests, investments to expand lab capacity, and support to help schools and local governments implement regular testing protocols. Expanded testing will ensure that schools can implement regular testing to support safe reopening; that vulnerable settings like prisons and long-term care facilities can regularly test their populations; and that any American can get a test for free when they need one.

Mobilize a public health jobs program to support COVID-19 response. The president’s plan includes an historic investment in expanding the public health workforce. This proposal will fund 100,000 public health workers, nearly tripling the country’s community health roles. These individuals will be hired to work in their local communities to perform vital tasks like vaccine outreach and contact tracing in the near term, and to transition into community health roles to build our long-term public health capacity that will help improve quality of care and reduce hospitalization for low-income and underserved communities.

Address health disparities and COVID-19. While COVID-19 has devastated the entire country, it has hit some groups and communities of color much harder than others. President Biden is committed to addressing the disparities evident in the pandemic at every step, from ensuring equitable distribution of vaccines and supplies to expanding health care services for underserved communities. His proposal includes funding to provide health services for underserved populations, including expanding Community Health Centers and investing in health services on tribal lands. These funds will support the expansion of COVID treatment and care, as well as our ability to provide vaccination to underserved populations.

Protect vulnerable populations in congregate settings. Long-term care residents and workers account for almost 40% of all U.S. COVID-19 deaths. Further, African-American and Latina women, who have borne the brunt of the pandemic, are overrepresented among long-term care workers. The president’s proposal provides critical funding for states to deploy strike teams to long-term care facilities experiencing COVID-19 outbreaks–which may impede vaccination of residents and workers–and to conduct better infection control oversight.

1 in 5 state and federal prisoners in the U.S. has had COVID-19, and African Americans and Latinos are overrepresented among incarcerated individuals. The proposal also supports COVID-19 safety in federal, state, and local prisons, jails, and detention centers by providing funding for COVID-19 mitigation strategies, including supplies and physical distancing; safe re-entry for the formerly incarcerated; and the vaccination of both incarcerated people and staff.

Identify and address emerging strains of COVID-19. The identification of new strains of SARS-CoV-2 in the United Kingdom and South Africa highlight a key vulnerability in our nation’s COVID response: we simply do not have the kind of robust surveillance capabilities that we need to track outbreaks and mutations. Tracking the way the virus is changing and moving through the population is essential to understanding outbreaks, generating treatments and vaccines, and controlling the pandemic. The president’s proposal includes funding to dramatically increase our country’s sequencing, surveillance, and outbreak analytics capacity at the levels demanded by the crisis.

Provide emergency relief and purchase critical supplies and deploy National Guard. Persistent supply shortages – from gloves and masks to glass vials and test reagents – are inhibiting our ability to provide testing and vaccination and putting frontline workers at risk. The president’s plan will invest $30 billion into the Disaster Relief Fund to ensure sufficient supplies and protective gear, and to provide 100% federal reimbursement for critical emergency response resources to states, local governments, and Tribes, including deployment of the National Guard. The president will call for an additional $10 billion investment in expanding domestic manufacturing for pandemic supplies. These funds will support President Biden in fulfilling his commitment to fully use the Defense Production Act and to safeguard the country by producing more pandemic supplies in the U.S.

Invest in treatments for COVID-19. Months into this pandemic, we still do not have reliable and accessible treatments. The federal government urgently needs to invest to support development, manufacturing, and purchase of therapies to ensure wide availability and affordability of effective treatments, as well as invest in studies of the long-term health impacts of COVID-19 and potential therapies to address them.

Protect workers against COVID-19. Millions of Americans, many of whom are people of color, immigrants, and low-wage workers, continue to put their lives on the line to keep the country functioning through the pandemic. They should not have to lie awake at night wondering if they’ll make it home from work safely the next day, or if they’ll bring home the virus to their loved ones and communities. The president is calling on Congress to authorize the Occupational Safety and Health Administration to issue a COVID-19 Protection Standard that covers a broad set of workers, so that workers not typically covered by OSHA, like many public workers on the frontlines, also receive protection from unsafe working conditions and retaliation. And, President Biden is calling on Congress to provide additional funding for OSHA enforcement and grant funding, including for the Susan Harwood grant program, for organizations to help keep vulnerable workers healthy and safe from COVID-19. These steps will help keep more workers healthy, reopen more businesses safely, and beat the virus.

Restore U.S. leadership globally and build better preparedness. Protecting the United States from COVID-19 requires a global response, and the pandemic is a grave reminder that biological threats can pose catastrophic consequences to the United States and the world. The president’s plan will provide $11 billion including to support to the international health and humanitarian response; mitigate the pandemic’s devastating impact on global health, food security, and gender-based violence; support international efforts to develop and distribute medical countermeasures for COVID-19; and build the capacity required to fight COVID-19, its variants, and emerging biological threats.

Provide schools the resources they need to reopen safely. A critical plank of President Biden’s COVID-19 plan is to safely reopen schools as soon as possible – so kids and educators can get back in class and parents can go back to work. This will require immediate, urgent action by Congress. The COVID-19 pandemic created unprecedented challenges for K-12 schools and institutions of higher education, and the students and parents they serve. School closures have disproportionately impacted the learning of Black and Hispanic students, as well as students with disabilities and English language learners. While the December down payment for schools and higher education institutions was a start, it is not sufficient to address the crisis. President Biden is calling on Congress to provide $170 billion — supplemented by additional state and local relief resources — for K-12 schools and institutions of higher education. These resources will help schools serve all students, no matter where they are learning, and help achieve President Biden’s goal to open the majority of K-8 schools within the first 100 days of his Administration. 

  • Provide $130 billion to help schools to safely reopen. Schools need flexible resources to safely reopen and operate and/or facilitate remote learning. The president’s plan will provide $130 billion to support schools in safely reopening. These funds can be used to reduce class sizes and modify spaces so students and teachers can socially distance; improve ventilation; hire more janitors and implement mitigation measures; provide personal protective equipment; ensure every school has access to a nurse; increase transportation capacity to facilitate social distancing on the bus; hire counselors to support students as they transition back to the classroom; close the digital divide that is exacerbating inequities during the pandemic; provide summer school or other support for students that will help make up lost learning time this year; create and expand community schools; and cover other costs needed to support safely reopening and support students. These funds will also include provisions to ensure states adequately fund education and protect students in low-income communities that have been hardest hit by COVID-19. Districts must ensure that funds are used to not only reopen schools, but also to meet students’ academic, mental health and social, and emotional needs in response to COVID-19, (e.g. through extended learning time, tutoring, and counselors), wherever they are learning. Funding can be used to prevent cuts to state pre-k programs. A portion of funding will be reserved for a COVID-19 Educational Equity Challenge Grant, which will support state, local and tribal governments in partnering with teachers, parents, and other stakeholders to advance equity- and evidence-based policies to respond to COVID-related educational challenges and give all students the support they need to succeed. In addition to this funding, schools will be able to access FEMA Disaster Relief Fund resources to get reimbursed for certain COVID-19 related expenses and will receive support to implement regular testing protocols.
  • Expand the Higher Education Emergency Relief Fund. The president’s plan will ensure colleges have critical resources to implement public health protocols, execute distance learning plans, and provide emergency grants to students in need. This $35 billion in funding will be directed to public institutions, including community colleges, as well as, public and private Historically Black Colleges and Universities and other Minority Serving Institutions. This funding will provide millions of students up to an additional $1,700 in financial assistance from their college.
  • Hardest Hit Education Fund. Provide $5 billion in funds for governors to use to support educational programs and the learning needs of students significantly impacted by COVID-19, whether K-12, higher education, or early childhood education programs.

Provide emergency paid leave to 106 million more Americans to reduce the spread of the virus. No American should have to choose between putting food on the table and quarantining to prevent further spread of COVID-19. And yet, nearly 1 in 4 workers and close to half of low-income workers lack access to paid sick leave, disproportionately burdening Americans of color. Lack of paid leave is threatening the financial security of working families and increasing the risk of COVID-19 infections, hospitalizations, and deaths. Congress did the right thing last year when it created an emergency paid leave program through the Families First Coronavirus Response Act. That action decreased daily infections by 400 cases per state per day in states that previously had no paid sick leave requirement. While the December down payment extended the Families First employer tax credits through March 2021, it did not renew the requirement that employers provide leave. President Biden is calling on Congress to:

  • Put the requirement back in place and eliminate exemptions for employers with more than 500 and less than 50 employees. He will also make it clear that healthcare workers and first responders get these benefits, too. Closing these loopholes in the Families First Coronavirus Response Act will extend emergency paid leave to up to 106 million additional workers.
  • Provide expanded paid sick and family and medical leave. The president will provide over 14 weeks of paid sick and family and medical leave to help parents with additional caregiving responsibilities when a child or loved one’s school or care center is closed; for people who have or are caring for people with COVID-19 symptoms, or who are quarantining due to exposure; and for people needing to take time to get the vaccine.
  • Expand emergency paid leave to include federal workers. This measure will provide paid leave protections to approximately 2 million Americanswho work for the federal government.
  • Provide a maximum paid leave benefit of $1,400 per-week for eligible workers. This will provide full wage replacement to workers earning up to $73,000 annually, more than three-quarters of all workers.
  • Reimburse employers with less than 500 employees for the cost of this leave. Extending the refundable tax credit will reimburse employers for 100 percent of the cost of this leave.
  • Reimburse state and local government for the cost of this leave.
  • Extend emergency paid leave measures until September 30, 2021. With so much uncertainty surrounding the pandemic, extending paid leave until the end of September will help to limit the spread of COVID-19 and provide economic security to millions of working families.

Deliver Immediate, Direct Relief to Families Bearing the Brunt of the Crisis.

As a result of the COVID-19 crisis, millions of Americans are hurting through no fault of their own. More than 10 million Americans are unemployed, and 4 million have been out of work for half a year or longer. The jobs crisis is particularly severe in communities of color, where 1 in 10 Black workers and 1 in 11 Latino workers are unemployed. Large numbers of families are struggling to pay rent or their mortgages and put food on the table. And, last month, it only got worse: we lost 140,000 jobs in December, including 20,000 public educators, and nearly 400,000 jobs at restaurants and bars.

President Biden is calling on Congress to take urgent action to deliver immediate, direct relief to Americans bearing the brunt of this crisis. Altogether, this would devote about $1 trillion towards building a bridge to economic recovery for working families and, according to researchers at Columbia University, cut child poverty in half.

President Biden’s plan will:

Give working families a $1,400 per-person check to help pay their billsbringing their total relief payment from this and the December down payment to $2,000. More than 1 in 3 households — and half of Black and Latino households — are struggling to pay for usual household expenses like rent and groceries during the pandemic. In this crisis, working families need more than the $600 per person that Congress passed last year. President Biden is calling on Congress to increase that direct financial assistance to $2,000. An additional $1,400 per person in direct checks will help hard-hit households cover expenses, spend money at local businesses in their communities, and stimulate the economy. President Biden’s plan will also expand eligibility to adult dependents who have been left out of previous rounds of relief and all mixed status households. And, his plan will ensure that the Treasury Department has the flexibility and resources it needs to deliver stimulus checks to the families that need them most, including the millions of families that still haven’t received the $1,200 checks they are entitled to under the CARES Act.

Extend and expand unemployment insurance benefits so American workers can pay their bills. Around 18 millionAmericans rely on the unemployment insurance program. Congress did the right thing by continuing expanded eligibility and extending the number of weeks unemployed workers can receive benefits. One study estimates that extending pandemic unemployment insurance programs through 2021 could create or save over five million jobs. But these benefits are set to expire in weeks — even as the COVID-19 pandemic worsens. Millions of Americans are receiving benefits through unemployment insurance programs that will no longer serve new beneficiaries starting in mid-March.

President Biden is calling on Congress to extend these and other programs, providing millions of hard-hit workers with the financial security and peace of mind they need and deserve. And, he believes Congress should provide a $400 per-week unemployment insurance supplement to help hard-hit workers cover household expenses. The president is committed to providing these emergency supports to families for as long as the COVID-19 crisis continues and employment opportunities remain limited. The president is proposing to extend these emergency unemployment insurance programs through September 2021, and will work with Congress on ways to automatically adjust the length and amount of relief depending on health and economic conditions so future legislative delay doesn’t undermine the recovery and families’ access to benefits they need.

President Biden’s plan will:

  • Extend financial assistance for workers who have exhausted their regular unemployment compensation benefits. Extending and increasing the additional weeks provided under the emergency unemployment insurance program will ensure that approximately 5 million Americans continue to receive assistance in the months ahead.
  • Extend financial assistance for unemployed workers who do not typically qualify for unemployment compensation benefits. The president believes Congress should extend unemployment support for self-employed workers, like ride-share drivers and many grocery delivery workers, who do not typically qualify for regular unemployment compensation. And, he supports increasing the number of weeks these workers can receive the benefit to provide long-term financial security to the program’s approximately 8 million beneficiaries.
  • Fully fund states’ short-time compensation programs and additional weeks of benefits. Short-time compensation programs, also known as work sharing, help small businesses stay afloat and economically vulnerable workers make ends meet by enabling workers to stay on the job at reduced hours, while making up the difference in pay. These programs avoid layoffs and pave the way for rapid rehiring and an accelerated recovery.

Help struggling households keep a roof over their heads. The economic fallout of COVID-19 has made it more difficult for working families, especially families of color, to cover their housing expenses. Across the country, 1 in 5 renters and 1 in 10 homeowners with a mortgage are behind on payments. Congress took an important step in the right direction by securing $25 billion in rental assistance and extending the federal eviction moratorium until January 31. However, American families already owe $25 billion in back rent, and the threat of widespread evictions will still exist at the end of January. Further, more than 10 million homeowners have fallen behind on mortgage payments. Failing to take additional action will lead to a wave of evictions and foreclosures in the coming months, overwhelming emergency shelter capacity and increasing the likelihood of COVID-19 infections. And Americans of color, who have on average a fraction of the wealth available to white families, face higher risks of eviction and housing loss without critical assistance.

President Biden is calling on Congress to take immediate action to forestall a coming wave of COVID-related evictions and foreclosures.

  • Ensure that families hit hard by the economic crisis won’t face eviction or foreclosure. The president is calling on Congress to extend the eviction and foreclosure moratoriums and continue applications for forbearance on federally-guaranteed mortgages until September 30, 2021. These measures will prevent untold economic hardship for homeowners, while limiting the spread of COVID-19 in our communities. The president is also calling on Congress to provide funds for legal assistance for households facing eviction or foreclosure.
  • Help renters and small landlords make ends meet by providing an additional $30 billion in rental and critical energy and water assistance for hard-hit individuals and families. While the $25 billion allocated by Congress was an important down payment on the back rent accrued during this crisis, it is insufficient to meet the scale of the need. That’s why President Biden is proposing an additional $25 billion in rental assistance to provide much-needed rental relief, especially for low- and moderate-income households who have lost jobs or are out of the labor market. The president is also proposing $5 billion to cover home energy and water costs and arrears through programs like the Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program, for struggling renters. These funds will ensure that the hardest-hit renters and small landlords, including those in disadvantaged communities that have suffered disproportionately in terms of pollution and other environmental harms, aren’t put in the position where they can’t cover their own housing expenses. This program includes a competitive set-aside of funding for states to invest in clean energy and energy efficiency projects that reduce electricity bills for families in disadvantaged communities.
  • Deliver $5 billion in emergency assistance to help secure housing for people experiencing or at risk of homelessness. This funding will allow states and localities to help approximately 200,000 individuals and families obtain stable housing, while providing a downpayment on the president’s comprehensive approach to ending homelesness and making housing a right for all Americans. Specifically, these funds will provide flexibility for both congregate and non-congregate housing options, help jurisdictions purchase and convert hotels and motels into permanent housing, and give homeless services providers the resources they need to hire and retain staff, maintain outreach programs, and provide essential services.

Address the growing hunger crisis in America. About 1 in 7 households nationwide, including more than 1 in 5Black and Latino households and many Asian American and Pacific Islander households, are struggling to secure the food they need. While the December down payment provided $13 billion to strengthen and expand federal nutrition programs, it will not solve the hunger crisis in America. President Biden is calling on Congress to ensure all Americans, regardless of background, have access to healthy, affordable groceries. The president’s plan will:

  • Extend the 15 percent Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefit increase. Maintaining the increase through the summer – when childhood hunger spikes due to a lack of school meals – is a critical backstop against rising food insecurity. This change will help keep hunger at bay for around 40 million Americans. The president is calling for this to be extended through September 2021. He is also committed to providing this boost for as long as the COVID-19 crisis continues, and will work with Congress on ways to automatically adjust the length and amount of relief depending on health and economic conditions so future legislative delay doesn’t undermine the recovery and families’ access to benefits they need.
  • Invest $3 billion to help women, infants and children get the food they need. This multi-year investment in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is needed to account for increased enrollment due to growing hunger and to increase outreach to ensure that low-income families have access to high-quality nutritious food and nutrition education.
  • Partner with restaurants to feed American families and keep restaurant workers on the job at the same time. The FEMA Empowering Essential Deliveries (FEED) Actwill leverage the resources and expertise of the restaurant industry to help get food to families who need it, and help get laid-off restaurant workers across the country back on the job.
  • Support SNAP by temporarily cutting the state match. The president is calling for a one time emergency infusion of administrative support for state anti-hunger and nutrition programs to ensure that benefits get to the kids and families that need it most.
  • Provide U.S. Territories with $1 billion in additional nutrition assistance for their residents. Bolstering the Nutrition Assistance Program block grant will help thousands of working families in Puerto Rico, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands put food on the table for the duration of the pandemic.

Raise the minimum wage to $15 per hour. Throughout the pandemic, millions of American workers have put their lives on the line to keep their communities and country functioning, including the 40 percent of frontline workers who are people of color. As President Biden has said, let’s not just praise them, let’s pay them. Hard working Americans deserve sufficient wages to put food on the table and keep a roof over their heads, without having to keep multiple jobs. But millions of working families are struggling to get by. This is why the president is calling on Congress to raise the minimum wage to $15 per hour, and end the tipped minimum wage and sub-minimum wage for people with disabilities so that workers across the country can live a middle class life and provide opportunity for their families.

Call on employers to meet their obligations to frontline essential workers and provide back hazard pay. Essential workers — who are disproportionately Black, Latino, and Asian American and Pacific Islander– have risked their lives to stock shelves, harvest crops, and care for the sick during this crisis. They have kept the country running even during the darkest days of the pandemic. A number of large employers, especially in the retail and grocery sectors, have seen bumper profitability in 2020 and yet done little or nothing at all to compensate their workers for the risks they took. The president believes these employers have a duty to do right by their frontline essential workers and acknowledge their sacrifices with generous back hazard pay for the risks they took across 2020 and up to today. He and the Vice President will call on CEOs and other business leaders to take action to meet these obligations.

Expand access to high-quality, affordable child care. We are facing an acute, immediate child care crisis in America, which is exacerbating our economic crisis. Due to increased costs and lower enrollment, a recent survey of child care providers showed that most child care providers expect that they will close within a few months without relief or are uncertain how long they can stay open. If left unaddressed, many child care providers will close — some permanently — and millions of children could go without necessary care, and millions of parents could be left to make devastating choices this winter between caring for their children and working to put food on the table. Early childcare providers are almost entirely women, among whom 40 percent are people of color, and so these closures could devastate engines of opportunity for minority- and women-owned businesses. President Biden is calling on Congress to take immediate actions to address this crisis by helping child care centers reopen and remain open safely, and by making that care affordable to families who need it.

In addition, too many families are unable to afford child care, while early educators earn wages so low that they can’t support their own families. This challenge existed before COVID-19, and the pandemic has exacerbated it. President Biden is calling on Congress to ease the financial burden of care for families, expand financial support for child care providers so that this critical sector can stay afloat during the pandemic and beyond, and make critical investments to improve wages and benefits for the essential child care sector. President Biden’s plan will:

  • Help hard-hit child care providers, including family child care homes, cover their costs and operate safely by creating a $25 billion emergency stabilization fund. This Emergency Stabilization Fund will help hard-hit child care providers that are in danger of closing and provide support to nearly half of all child care providers. It will also assist those that have had to shut down meet their financial obligations during the pandemic, so that they can reopen. It will help providers pay for rent, utilities, and payroll, as well as increased costs associated with the pandemic including personal protective equipment, ventilation supplies, smaller group sizes, and modifications to make the physical environment safer for children and workers.
  • Expand child care assistance to help millions of families and help parents return to work. Millions of parents are risking their lives as essential workers, while at the same time struggling to obtain care for their children. Others have become 24/7 caregivers while simultaneously working remotely. Still more are unemployed, caring for their children full-time, and worrying about how they will make ends meet or afford child care when they do find a job. And, the limited access to child care during the pandemic has caused more women to leave the workforce. While the December down payment provides $10 billion in funding through the Child Care and Development Block Grant program, the president’s proposal expands this investment with an additional $15 billion in funding, including for those who experienced a job interruption during the COVID-19 pandemic and are struggling to afford child care. This additional assistance with child care costs will help the disproportionate number of women who left the labor force to take on caregiving duties reenter the workforce. And, this expanded investment will also help rebuild the supply of child care providers, and encourage states to take meaningful steps towards increasing the pay and benefits of child care workers.
  • Increase tax credits to help cover the cost of childcare. To help address the childcare affordability crisis, President Biden is calling on Congress to expand child care tax credits on an emergency basis for one year to help working families cover the cost of childcare. Families will get back as a tax credit as much as half of their spending on child care for children under age 13, so that they can receive a total of up to $4,000 for one child or $8,000 for two or more children. The tax credit will be refundable, meaning that families who don’t owe a lot in taxes will still benefit. The full 50 percent reimbursement will be available to families making less than $125,000 a year. And, all families making between $125,000 and $400,000 will receive a partial credit so they receive benefits at least as generous as those they can receive today.

Bolster financial security for families and essential workers in the midst of the pandemic. The lowest income families are particularly vulnerable in the midst of the pandemic, and President Biden is calling for one year expansions of key supports for families on an emergency basis. The Child Tax Credit should be made fully refundable for the year. Currently, 27 million childrenlive in families with household incomes low enough that they didn’t qualify for the full value of the Child Tax Credit, and this measure would give these children and their families additional needed resources. The president is also calling to increase the credit to $3,000 per child ($3,600 for a child under age 6) and make 17 year-olds qualifying children for the year.

He is also calling for an expansion of the Earned Income Tax Credit for the year to ensure that the lowest income workers get critical support including millions of essential workers. He is proposing to raise the maximum Earned Income Tax Credit for childless adults from roughly $530 to close to $1,500, raise the income limit for the credit from about $16,000 to about $21,000, and expand the age range that is eligible including by eliminating the age cap for older workers and expanding eligibility for younger workers so that they can claim the credit they deserve. Expanding the Earned Income Tax Credit for childless adults would give a needed boost to the earnings of several million workers, including cashiers, home health aides, delivery people, and other people working in essential occupations. The president  also is committed to making sure that Americans who see their earnings fall in 2021 due to the pandemic don’t see the Earned Income Tax Credit reduced as a result.

Lastly, the president is calling for an additional $1 billion for states to cover the additional cash assistance that Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) recipients needed as a result of the pandemic crisis. The pandemic has led to increased TANF caseloads, generated higher costs for many TANF recipients – from higher utility costs to the need for internet access for remote schooling – and longer periods of joblessness given high unemployment. These funds will provide sorely needed relief.

Preserving and expanding health coverage. Roughly two to three million people lost employer sponsored health insurance between March and September, and even families who have maintained coverage may struggle to pay premiums and afford care. Further, going into this crisis, 30 million people were without coverage, limiting their access to the health care system in the middle of a pandemic. To ensure access to health coverage,President Biden is calling on Congress to subsidize continuation health coverage (COBRA) through the end of September. He is also asking Congress to expand and increase the value of the Premium Tax Credit to lower or eliminate health insurance premiums and ensure enrollees – including those who never had coverage through their jobs – will not pay more than 8.5 percent of their income for coverage. Together, these policies would reduce premiums for more than ten million people and reduce the ranks of the uninsured by millions more.

Expanding access to behavioral health services. The pandemic has made access to mental health and substance use disorder services more essential than ever. The president is calling on Congress to appropriate $4 billion to enable the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration and the Health Resources and Services Administration to expand access to these vital services.

Ensure adequate funding for veterans’ health. COVID-19 has put enormous pressure on America’s veterans and on the Veterans Health Administration that is charged with providing and facilitating top-notch care for them. The president is committed to ensuring America delivers on its promise to the people who have served our country. To account for increased usage as many veterans have lost access to private health insurance, higher overall costs, and other pandemic-related impacts, the president is immediately requesting an additional $20 billion to make sure that veterans’ health care needs can be met through this crisis.

Combat increased risk of gender-based violence. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated domestic violence and sexual assault, creating a “shadow pandemic” for many women and girls who are largely confined to their home with their abuser and facing economic insecurity that makes escape more difficult. President Biden is calling for at least $800 million in supplemental funding for key federal programs that protect survivors. 

Provide Critical Support to Struggling Communities.

COVID-19 and the resulting economic crisis has devastated communities across the country. Schools remain closed, with students struggling with remote learning and parents – 1.6 million mothers this fall – leaving the workforce. Small businesses, the backbones of their communities that employ nearly half of American workers, are unable to keep their doors open. And, some state and local essential workers are seeing their wages reduced or their jobs disappear. President Biden is calling on Congress to send a lifeline to small businesses; protect educators, public transit workers, and first responders from lay-offs; and keep critical services running at full strength. Altogether, his plan would provide approximately $440 billion in critical support to struggling communities. This is in addition to funds that President Biden is requesting for safely reopening schools throughout the country.

President Biden’s plan will:

Provide small businesses with the funding they need to reopen and rebuild. Small businesses sustain half of the private sector jobs in America, and they have struggled in the wake of COVID-19. Black- and Brown-owned small businesses, and those in hard-hit industries like restaurants, hotels, and the arts, have suffered disproportionately. Nationally, small business revenue is down 32 percent, and at least 400,000 firms have permanently closed. To help hard-hit firms survive the pandemic and fully recover, President Biden is calling on Congress to:

  • Provide grants to more than 1 million of the hardest hit small businesses. This $15 billion in flexible, equitably distributed grants will help small businesses get back on their feet, put the current disaster behind them, and build back better.
  • Leverage $35 billion in government funds into $175 billion in additional small business lending and investment. With a $35 billion investment in successful state, local, tribal, and non-profit small business financing programs, Congress can generate as much as $175 billion in low-interest loans and venture capital to help entrepreneurs — including those in the clean energy sector — innovate, create and maintain jobs, build wealth, and provide the essential goods and services that communities depend on.

In addition, the president wants to work with Congress to make sure that restaurants, bars, and other businesses that have suffered disproportionately have sufficient support to bridge to the recovery, including through the Community Credit Corporation at the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA).

Provide support for first responders and other essential workers. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, first responders, frontline public health workers, and countless other essential workers have risked their lives to keep our communities safe and functioning. Educators have worked tirelessly to keep our children learning and growing, coming up with new ways to reach and engage their students, often while balancing caring for their own children. Without these front line workers, we will not be able to effectively respond to the pandemic, administer the vaccine, or safely reopen our schools. President Biden is calling on Congress to provide $350 billion in emergency funding for state, local, and territorial governments to ensure that they are in a position to keep front line public workers on the job and paid, while also effectively distributing the vaccine, scaling testing, reopening schools, and maintaining other vital services. The president is also calling on Congress to allocate $3 billion of this funding to the Economic Development Administration (EDA). Grants from EDA provide resources directly to state and local government entities, tribal institutions, institutions of higher education, and non-profits to fund initiatives that support bottom’s up economic development and enable good-paying jobs. This funding – double the amount provided by the CARES Act – will support communities nationwide with a broad range of financial needs as they respond to and recover from COVID-19.

Protect the future of public transit. Safe and dependable public transit systems are critical for a robust and equitable economy recovery. The president is calling for $20 billion in relief for the hardest hit public transit agencies. This relief will keep agencies from laying off transit workers and cutting the routes that essential workers rely on every day while making these transit systems more resilient and ensuring that communities of color maintain the access to opportunity that public transportation provides.

Support Tribal governments’ response to COVID-19. COVID-19 has exacted an especially high toll in Indian Country. People living on reservations are four times more likely to have COVID-19 and American Indian and Alaska Natives are nearly twiceas likely to die from COVID-19 than white Americans. While the December down payment had many beneficial provisions, it included little direct funding to help Tribal governments respond to COVID-19. President Biden is calling on Congress to give Tribes the resources they need to obtain sufficient personal protective equipment, increase access to clean water and electricity, and expand internet access so that children can learn remotely and more families can obtain basic health care through telemedicine. President Biden’s plan would invest $20 billion in Indian Country to support Tribal governments’ response to the pandemic.These resources will help to reduce stark and persistent inequities in COVID-19 transmission, hospitalization, and death, while improving economic conditions and opportunity.

Modernize federal information technology to protect against future cyber attacks.

In addition to the COVID-19 crisis, we also face a crisis when it comes to the nation’s cybersecurity. The recent cybersecurity breaches of federal government data systems underscore the importance and urgency of strengthening U.S. cybersecurity capabilities. President Biden is calling on Congress to launch the most ambitious effort ever to modernize and secure federal IT and networks. To remediate the SolarWinds breach and boost U.S. defenses, including of the COVID-19 vaccine process, President Biden is calling on Congress to:

  • Expand and improve the Technology Modernization Fund. A $9 billion investment will help the U.S. launch major new IT and cybersecurity shared services at the Cyber Security and Information Security Agency (CISA) and the General Services Administration and complete modernization projects at federal agencies. In addition, the president is calling on Congress to change the fund’s reimbursement structure in order to fund more innovative and impactful projects.
  • Surge cybersecurity technology and engineering expert hiring. Providing the Information Technology Oversight and Reform fund with $200 million will allow for the rapid hiring of hundreds of experts to support the federal Chief Information Security Officer and U.S. Digital Service.
  • Build shared, secure services to drive transformational projects. Investing $300 million in no-year funding for Technology Transformation Services in the General Services Administration will drive secure IT projects forward without the need of reimbursement from agencies.
  • Improving security monitoring and incident response activities. An additional $690M for CISA will bolster cybersecurity across federal civilian networks, and support the piloting of new shared security and cloud computing services.
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VET ALERT; DOG FOOD ADVISORY

VET ALERT; DOG FOOD ADVISORY

Dogs Naturally Magazine, a Veterinary based magazine, inspired me to research this incredibly important, Interesting, and alarming article about dog nutrition.

https://youtu.be/_6EEGV8wssQ

Studies recently show canines eating brand new diets to pups eating brands with nutrition deficiencies (I.e., Pedigree, Beneful, Alpo), which contain large amounts of processed foods, found that dogs eating fresh foods statistically live on average two years and eight months longer than those with the low nutritional diets and/or “cheap” brands.

That’s an extra thirty-two months on your beloved fur baby’s life.

There are many explanations for canines prematurely aging. Contemporary research shows that telomeres – a compound structuring at the end of a chromosome “shortening” could be one connection between processed diets and a shortened life.

TELOMERES, VITALITY, LIFESPAN

The end of each chromosome is a stretch of DNA named telomeres in both canines and homo sapiens.

Telomeres 🧬 are essentially the tough rounded ends of shoelaces. Telomeres conceal the perimeters of your dog’s chromosomes and stop ✋ them from unfolding. 🚫

As canines age, their telomeres get shorter. Generally, old canines have immensely shortened telomeres. Every time a cell divides, the acting telomere for that chromosome gets shortened. Cells are continually dividing, such as surface cells like skin and cells within significant organs such as the liver.

Once the telomeres are wholly gone, its chromosome on the DNA unfolds 🧬 , and the cell will execute one of three plans:

  • Self-destruction (apoptosis)
  • Go Solo (evolve cancerously)
  • Retire (becomes senescent)

The body is continually residing with cancers and stands adequately equipped to handle them. If the immune system is working sufficiently, it can pick up and demolish any cancerous cells. Again, that’s if the immune system is not compromised.

It’s the senescent (or cessation of cell division) cells that do the most damage to the body. Senescent cells are the one guy who ruins the party as these cells come baring early-onset of age-related disease.

Senescent cells lay dormant, and at any given time in the body, they discharge poisonous chemicals. These chemicals begin to grip to encircling healthy cells, causing that cell to become senescent or cancerous.

You need to protect the telomeres.

HOW PROCESSED FOODS DESTROY TELOMERES

Researchers in Spain looked at telomeres size and diets in human participants. They lay the first stone that the more processed diets they ate, the faster they shortened telomeres.

Partakers that ate three or more servings of refined or processed foods everyday stood 82% more apt to bring into light shortened telomeres.

What is refined or processed food? Like yourselves, your canine companions rely solely on the diet you feed them and to enhance longevity, as well as address specific breed diets and needs it’s important to know how to read a dog food label and more important to understand it. Think of processed food as “fillers”. Bad brands of dog food will usually list a filler or a meat “meal or derivative” (essentially ANY part of the protein source, I mean any part) and include a lot of grains such as corn to keep your pet full for longer. Corn, isn’t easily digested whole for humans, and it’s no better for dogs. This does not mean you should feed your pets grain-free food. It means the grains if at all should be healthy, ground up if needed, and easily digested.

Recent articles in both frontline and DVM360 have linked grain-free diets to cardiomyopathy or heart disease/failure. Hills Food Manufacturer sent a disturbing informational article to all associate Veterinary hospitals in June of 2019 showing the research-based evidence and development of grain-free diets and heart failure or sudden death due to heart issues in over five hundred canines.

WHAT IS A PROCESSED FOODS PURPOSE?

A LOT of pet foods and food brands (raw foods included) encompass refined ingredients. The ingredients are exposed to high heat, processing machines, or prepared in a laboratory and approximately entirely nurtured by human reserves. It cuts expenses for the pet food corporation to put fillers and processed food in the nourishment as grain is an inexpensive crop and corn is the cheapest. Corn that is not ground up is not generally tolerated by humans nor pets- the food must contain appropriate grains such as “ground” corn.

The first ingredient listed should always be the protein source (meat). Don’t be fooled by the word meal derivative or meals; this meat is essentially the meat you don’t want your pet to have (I.e., Weird body parts or even meat from untrustworthy or none grass-fed animals from non-accredited farmers).

Dog food standards are not the same as human food standards. The only thing a dog food brand needs is a label listing the ingredients and for it to be visible on the bag. No further testing of the food to date is required by law. PET FOOD DOES NOT need to be FDA tested unless it’s a prescription diet. It does need to pass its own “FDA” mentioned below.

The Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) provides nutritional standards (called model bills and regulations) that pet food manufacturers must abide by if they want to advertise their food as “complete and balanced.” – dogsnaturallymagazine

While the pet food industry reduces their costs by supplementing essential nutrients with fillers, processed foods and protein meals and maybe save a few bucks on the packaging, this day in age the brands are all aware (if they weren’t before) and still sell garbage to gain more personal profit (though they swim in it as is), they add bills to your veterinary tab and take years off your pet’s life, practically load your dog up with fillers, meat and meal derivatives, and indigestiblele grains. We simply have no idea we are slowly killing our pets. Not to mention they STILL push grain-free when it causes heart failure.

Name brand pet food. Is it malicious? Not all, well some probably are, but there are many brands of food. It’s unlikely intentional all pet food corporations are trying to murder your pet since canine and feline nutrition is only recently becoming a significant component of raising healthy pets, and though many brands have been forced off shelves or forced to re-do their recipe; to this day, pedigree, also, and Beneful cut corners. Will display labels below

Pet foods don’t just contain animals with unbalanced fats … they contain grains and foods that also include unbalanced fats. This is mostly to keep costs down — and the folks at AAFCO seem to be fine with this”

What are the ingredients most likely to be processed? What do you need to pay extra attention to? Words.

  • Meals (like chicken meal or corn meal)
  • Flavors (even natural flavors)
  • Colorings
  • Vitamins – what vitamins and how much?
  • Minerals– what minerals and how much?

You probably already know to stay away from meals and flavors. But many “high end” brands and freeze-dried foods contain vitamins and minerals.

Vitamins sourced in pet food are made with petroleum or fat products and are highly processed in factories. Minerals are also being processed in high heat and can be toxi. Avoid “added vitamins and minerals” or “all-natural and fresh with added supplements”

Processed foods are deficient in antioxidants. A fixed stream of antioxidants is vital to ameliorate oxidative stress harm and telomere curtailing.

HOW TO PREVENT TELEMORES FROM SHORTENING

Simple! Food and lifestyle change. Small adjustments you can make that will help keep your dog’s telomeres long and inflammation down.

Here is a list of supplements proved safe to give to pets that are found OTC. These you can purchase yourself.

Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fats: Both omega-6 and omega-3 fats have the ability to control hormones — and the hormones they control have very different jobs. The omega-6 fatty acids produce hormones that increase inflammation, which is an important part of the immune response. They also help with blood clotting and cell growth. The hormones produced by omega-3 fatty acids also control the immune system and they work alongside the omega-6 fats in an antagonistic manner. So, balance between these fatty acids is an important part of a healthy immune system. Both fats are important and your dog needs both in his diet. But these fats must be reasonably balanced for a balanced immune system … and today’s modern diets make this balance difficult.

Https://www.dogsnaturallymagazine.com/ (text directly copied)

Sulforaphane: Broccoli and especially broccoli sprouts are rich in a polyphenol called sulforaphane. This is a powerful antioxidant and liver detoxifier … but make sure it’s not heated as heat destroys the enzyme that converts sulforaphane in the body.

Probiotics/Prebiotics: A prosperous stomach includes an abundance of bacteria that reduce inflammation. And as pups age, their microbiomes become less distinct, and this can cause inflammation and telomere shortening.

Those are just expansions to your pet’s diet. Additionally, for an upset stomach, you can serve none-dessert canned pumpkin or boiled chicken and white rice. “Bland” diets are preferred when a dog is experiencing digestive tract issues. What your dog food should contain are the three driving energy sources.

Your dog needs three sources to operate: protein, fats, and carbohydrates. These macronutrients are the only source of calories your dog gets.

Proteins are made up of building blocks called amino acids. Amino acids are important not just for energy but for vitality and tissue assembly in the bodies cell production. They also fire up the metabolic process. (hence energy drinks are loaded with amino acids and bcaa)

Fat is a rich source of energy. Pound per pound fat is two times more highly caloric than the protein source. You need to watch the amount of fat per protein ratio when feeding. Fat is essential in protecting your dog’s cells and aids in making hormones as well as fattysoluble vitamins. Without a steady supply of protein and fat, your dog will die.

Carbohydrates are not essential for life, and dogs can survive without them, but that does not mean they shouldn’t be removed from the recipe. Carbohydrates help boost the dog’s immune systems and help reduce the risk of cancer and other diseases.

That being said the following sites are great for pet nutrition recalls, questions, and information.

https://www.dogfoodadvisor.com/best-dog-foods/best-dry-dog-foods/

Dog food advisor Constantly updates with researched and laboratory-based evidence for every type of pet food imaginable
Different breeds means different nutrition needs!

Example: GOOD DOG FOOD

Taste of the Wild Southwest Canyon Grain-Free Dry Dog Food, 28-lb bag

Nutritional Information

  • Beef, Peas, Garbanzo Beans, Lamb Meal, Canola Oil, Egg Product, Wild Boar, Ocean Fish Meal, Pea Flour, Dried Yeast, Tomato Pomace, Flaxseed, Natural Flavor, Salmon Oil (A Source Of DHA), Salt, Choline Chloride, Taurine, Dried Chicory Root, Tomatoes, Blueberries, Raspberries, Yucca Schidigera Extract, Dried Lactobacillus Plantarum Fermentation Product, Dried Bacillus Subtilis Fermentation Product, Dried Lactobacillus Acidophilus Fermentation Product, Dried Enterococcus Faecium Fermentation Product, Dried Bi Fidobacterium Animalis Fermentation Product, Vitamin E Supplement, Iron Proteinate, Zinc Proteinate, Copper Proteinate, Ferrous Sulfate, Zinc Sulfate, Copper Sulfate, Potassium Iodide, Thiamine Mononitrate (Vitamin B1), Manganese Proteinate, Manganous Oxide, Ascorbic Acid, Vitamin A Supplement, Biotin, Niacin, Calcium Pantothenate, Manganese Sulfate, Sodium Selenite, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride (Vitamin B6), Vitamin B12 Supplement, Riboflavin (Vitamin B2), Vitamin D Supplement, Folic Acid. Contains A Source Of Live (Viable), Naturally Occurring Microorganisms.

Caloric Content

  • 3,600 kcal/kg, 360 kcal/cup

EXAMPLE: Bad Dog Food- look at the first few ingredients.

PEDIGREE ADULT COMPLETE NUTRITION GRILLED STEAK VEGETABLE FLAVOR DRY DOG FOOD

Ingredients : THE BOLD ARE VERY BAD.

GROUND WHOLE GRAIN CORN, MEAT AND BONE MEAL (SOURCE OF CALCIUM), CORN GLUTEN MEAL, ANIMAL FAT (SOURCE OF OMEGA 6 FATTY ACIDS [PRESERVED WITH BHA & CITRIC ACID]), SOYBEAN MEAL, NATURAL FLAVOR, CHICKEN BY-PRODUCT MEAL, DRIED PLAIN BEET PULP, SALT, POTASSIUM CHLORIDE, BREWERS RICE, GROUND WHOLE GRAIN WHEAT, CHOLINE CHLORIDE, DRIED PEAS, DL-METHIONINE, NATURAL GRILLED STEAK FLAVOR, ZINC SULFATE, CALCIUM CARBONATE, MONOCALCIUM PHOSPHATE, VITAMIN E SUPPLEMENT, L-TRYPTOPHAN, RED 40, YELLOW 6, DRIED CARROTS, BLUE 2, YELLOW 5, COPPER SULFATE, D-CALCIUM PANTOTHENATE [SOURCE OF VITAMIN B5], SODIUM SELENITE, NIACIN [VITAMIN B3], POTASSIUM IODIDE, RIBOFLAVIN SUPPLEMENT [VITAMIN B2], VITAMIN A SUPPLEMENT, VITAMIN B12 SUPPLEMENT, PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE [VITAMIN B6], THIAMINE MONONITRATE [VITAMIN B1], VITAMIN D3 SUPPLEMENT, FOLIC ACID.

Directions :

Throw dog food out.

https://www.dogsnaturallymagazine.com/raw-feeding-primer/

The Philosophy Of Mental Illness

The Philosophy Of Mental Illness

Awesome repost below

We’re all mostly insane. I visited a family once and I must say that even though insanity didn’t run in that family, I’m convinced it strolled …

The Philosophy Of Mental Illness
The Study Of Dogs

The Study Of Dogs

The dog (Canis Familiaris when considered a separate species or Canis lupus familiaris when considered a subspecies of the wolf) is a domestic carnivore of the species Canidae. It is part of the wolf-like canids and is the most widely sufficient mundane carnivore. 

Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) at Gubbeen, Co. Cork, Republic of Ireland

The dog and the surviving gray wolf are sibling taxa as new wolves are not similarly related to the first domestic wolves, which signifies that the dog’s literal ancestor is extinct.

 The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively reproduced over utopias for various sensible capabilities and physical properties. Their long bond with humans has influenced dogs to be uniquely tuned to human behavior, and all can thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canids. 

Dogs vary widely in shape, size, and colors. They fulfill many roles for humans, such as sporting, herding, dragging loads, security, assisting police and military, company, and, more recently, aiding disabled people, and remedial roles. This impact on human society has given them the moniker of “man’s best friend.”

A brief history of dogs by the National Geographic

Taxonomy

In 1758, the Swedish botanist and zoologist Carl Linnaeus published in his Systema Naturae the binomial nomenclature – or the two-word naming – of species. Canis is the Latin word meaning “dog,” and under this genus, he listed the dog-like carnivores, including domestic dogs, wolves, and jackals. He classified the domestic dog as Canis familiaris, and on the next page, he ranked the wolf as Canis lupus. Linnaeus considered the dog to be a separate species from the wolf because its cauda recurvata – its upturning tail is not found in any other canid.

“Carl Linneaus”

 In 1999, a study of mitochondrial DNA indicated that the domestic dog might have originated from various grey wolf communities. The dingo and New Guinea singing dog “breeds” had developed when human neighborhoods were more segregated from another.

 In the third edition of Mammal Species of the World published in 2005, the mammalogist W. Christopher Wozencraft posted under the wolf Canis lupus its wild subspecies also offered two additional subspecies: “familiaris Linneaus, 1758 [domestic dog]” and “dingo Meyer, 1793 [domestic dog]”. 

Wozencraft included Hallstromi– the New Guinea singing dog – as a taxonomic equivalent for the dingo. Wozencraft related to the mDNA study as one of the leads informing his decision.

 Other mammalogists have remarked the formation of familiaris and dingo under a “domestic dog” clade. That classification by Wozencraft is disputed between zoologists. In 2019, a workshop hosted by the IUCN/Species Survival Commission’s Canid Specialist Group recognized the New Guinea singing dog and the dingo to be feral dogs. 

Canis familiaris should not be assessed for the IUCN Red List.

Origin of dogs

The domestic dog’s ancestry includes its genetic difference from the wolf, its domestication, including its evolution into dog groups and dog classes.

The dog is a member of the genus Canis, which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and was the first species and the only large carnivore to have been domesticated.

 Genetic studies comparing dogs with modern wolves show correlative monophyly (separate groups), signifying that dogs are not genetically close to any living wolf and that their wild ancestor is extinct. An extinct Late Pleistocene wolf may have been the dog’s ancestor, with the dog’s similarity to the extant grey wolf being the result of genetic admixture between the two. In 2020, a literature review of canid domestication stated that modern dogs were not descended from the same Canis lineage as modern wolves and propose that dogs be descended from a Pleistocene wolf closer in size a village dog. The genetic divergence between dogs and wolves occurred between 20,000 and 40,000 years ago, just before or during the Last Glacial Maximum (20,000–27,000 years ago). This period represents the upper time-limit for domestication commencement because it is the time of divergence and not domestication, which occurred later. One of the most critical transitions in human history was the domestication of animals, which began with the long-term association between wolves and hunter-gatherers more than 15,000 years ago. The archaeological record and genetic analysis show the remains of the Bonn–Oberkassel dog buried beside humans 14,200 years ago to be the first undisputed dog, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago. By 11,000 years ago, there were five distinct dog lineages, all sharing a common ancestry different from present-day wolves.

Anatomy

Domestic dogs have been selectively bred for millennia for various functions, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes. Contemporary dog breeds exhibit more numerous differences in size, appearance, and behavior than any other domestic animal. 

Dogs are predators and scavengers; like many other predatory mammals, the dog has powerful muscles, large and sharp claws and teeth, fused wrist bones, a cardiovascular system that supports both sprinting and endurance, and teeth for catching and tearing.

Size and weight

Dogs are highly variable in height and weight. The smallest known adult dog was a Yorkshire Terrier, which stood only 6.3 centimeters (2 1⁄2 inches) at the shoulder, 9.5 cm (3 3⁄4 in) in length along the head-and-body, and weighed only 113 grams (4 ounces). The most massive known dog was a Saint Bernard, which weighed 167.6 kg (369 1⁄2 lb) and was 250 cm (8 ft 2 in) from the snout to the tail. The tallest dog is a Great Dane that stands 106.7 cm (3 ft 6 in) at the shoulder.

Senses

The dog’s senses include vision, hearing, smell, taste, touch, and sensitivity to the earth’s magnetic field. 

Another study suggested that dogs can see the earth’s magnetic field.

Coat

The coats of domestic dogs are of two varieties: “double” being familiar with dogs (as well as wolves) arising from colder climates, made up of a coarse guard hair and a soft down hair, or “single,” with the topcoat only. 

Some breeds may have an occasional “blaze,” stripe, or “star” of white fur on their chest or underside. The Coat can be maintained or affected by multiple nutrients in the diet; view Coat (dog) for more information.

Premature graying can occur in dogs from as early as one year of age; this is shown to be associated with spontaneous behaviors, stress behaviors, fear of noise, and fear of unknown people or animals.

Tail

There are many different looking dog tails: straight, straight up, sickle, curled, or cork-screw. As with many canids, one of the primary functions of a dog’s tail is to communicate their emotional state, which can be crucial in getting along with others. 

In some hunting dogs, however, the tail is traditionally docked to avoid injuries. In some breeds, such as the Braque du Bourbonnais, puppies can be born with a short tail or no tail at all.

Differences of domesticated dogs from wolves

Despite their close genetic relationship and interbreeding, several distinguishing features identify the gray wolves from domestic dogs. Domesticated canines are distinct from wolves by polysaccharide gel electrophoresis of red blood cell acid phosphatase. The tympanic bullae are large, arched, and nearly spherical in gray wolves, while the bullae of canines are more modest, compressed, and somewhat crumpled. 

Analyzed with equally sized wolves, dogs tend to have 20% smaller skulls and 30% smaller brains. The teeth of gray wolves are also proportionately more massive than those of dogs. Dogs have a more domed forehead and a distinctive “stop” between the forehead and nose. The temporalis muscle that closes the jaws is more robust in wolves. Wolves do not have dewclaws on their back legs unless there has been admixture with dogs that had them. Most dogs lack a functioning pre-caudal gland and enter estrus twice yearly, unlike gray wolves, which only do so once a year. So-called primitive dogs such as dingoes and Basenjis retain the yearly estrus cycle. Dogs generally have brown eyes, and wolves almost always have amber or light-colored eyes. Domestic dogs’ skin tends to be thicker than that of wolves, with some Inuit tribes favoring the former for use as clothing due to its more excellent resistance to wear and tear in harsh weather. The paws of a dog are half the size of a wolf, and their tails tend to curl upwards, another trait not found in wolves. 

The dog has developed into hundreds of varied breeds and shows more behavioral and morphological variation than any other land mammal.

Health

Many household plants are poisonous to dogs and cats (and other mammals), including Begonia, Poinsettia, and Aloe vera. Some dogs are prone to particular genetic illnesses such as joint and hip dysplasia, blindness, deafness, pulmonic stenosis, cleft palate, and joke knees. 

Two severe medical conditions affecting dogs are pyometra, affecting unspayed females of all types and ages, and gastric dilatation-volvulus (bloat), which affects the larger breeds or deep-chested dogs. Both of these are acute situations and can kill rapidly.

Dogs are also susceptible to parasites such as fleas, ticks, mites, hookworms, tapeworms, roundworms, and heartworms (roundworm species that lives in the heart of dogs).

Several human foods and household human-grade digestible foods are toxic to dogs, including chocolate solids (theobromine poisoning), onion and garlic (thiosulphate, sulfoxide, or disulfide poisoning), grapes and raisins, macadamia nuts, xylitol, as well as various plants and other potentially ingested materials. The nicotine in tobacco can also be dangerous.

Dogs can be endangered to the material by scavenging opened trash bins or ashtrays and consuming cigars and cigarettes. Signs can be vomiting of large amounts (e.g., from eating cigar butts) or diarrhea. Some other symptoms are abdominal pain, loss of coordination, collapse, or death. 

Dogs are susceptible to theobromine poisoning, typically from the ingestion of chocolate. Theobromine is toxic to dogs because, although the dog’s metabolism can break down the chemical, the process is so slow that for some dogs, even small amounts of chocolate can be fatal, mostly dark chocolate.

Lifespan

In 2013, a study found that mixed breed dogs live on average 1.2 years longer than purebred dogs. Increasing body-weight was negatively correlated with longevity (i.e., the heavier the dog, the shorter its lifespan). 

The typical lifespan of dogs varies widely among breeds, but the median longevity, the age at which half the dogs in a population have died and half are still alive, ranges from 10 to 13 years. Individual dogs may live well beyond the median of their breed.

The breed with the shortest lifespan (among species for which there is a questionnaire survey with reasonable sample size) is the Dogue de Bordeaux, with a median longevity of about 5.2 years. Still, several breeds, including miniature bull terriers, bloodhounds, and Irish wolfhounds, are nearly as short-lived, with median longevities of 6 to 7 years.  

The longest-lived breeds, including toy poodles, Japanese spitz, Border terriers, Australian Cattle Dogs, and Tibetan Spaniels, have median longevities of 14 to 15 years. The median longevity of mixed-breed dogs, taken as an average of all sizes, is one or more years longer than that of purebred dogs when all breeds are averaged. 

The longest-lived dog was “Bluey,” an Australian Cattle Dog who died in 1939 at 29.5 years of age.

Reproduction

In domestic dogs, sexual development occurs around six to twelve months of age for both males and females, although this can be delayed until up to two years old for some large breeds, and is the time at which female dogs will have their first estrous cycle. They will experience subsequent estrous cycles semiannually, during which the body prepares for pregnancy.

How Dogs Tell Us What We Need To Know- Barbara Sherman TED talks

 At the peak of the cycle, females will become estrus, mentally and physically sensitive to mating. Because the ova survive and can be fertilized for a week after ovulation, more than one male can sire the same litter.

Fertilization typically happens 2–5 days after ovulation; 14–16 days after ovulation, the embryo attaches to the uterus, and after 7-8 more days, the heartbeat is detectable. Dogs bear their litters roughly 58 to 68 days after fertilization, with an average of 63 days, although the length of gestation can vary. 

An average litter consists of about six puppies, though this number may differ extensively based on canine breed. Overall, toy dogs produce from one to four puppies in each litter, while much larger breeds may average as many as twelve.

Some dog breeds have acquired characteristics through judicious breeding that conflict with breeding. Male French Bulldogs, for example, are unsuited to mounting the female. For many dogs of this breed, the female must be artificially inseminated to reproduce. Additionally, the female will most likely need a C-section due to the breed’s characteristically admired large heads.

Neutering

Neutering refers to the sterilization of animals, usually by removing the male’s testicles or the female’s ovaries and uterus, to eliminate the ability to procreate and reduce sex drive.

Because of dogs’ overpopulation in some nations, many animal control agencies, such as the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA), recommend that dogs not intended for further breeding should be neutered. This way, they do not have undesired puppies that may later be euthanized.

According to the Humane Society of the United States, 3–4 million dogs and cats are euthanized each year. Many more are confined to cages in shelters because there are many more animals than there are homes. Spaying or castrating dogs helps keep overpopulation down. Local humane societies, SPCAs, and other animal protection organizations urge people to neuter their pets and adopt animals from shelters instead of purchasing them.

Neutering reduces problems caused by hypersexuality, especially in male dogs. Spayed female dogs are less likely to develop cancer, affecting mammary glands, ovaries, and other reproductive organs. 

However, neutering increases the risk of urinary incontinence in female dogs, prostate cancer in males, osteosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, cruciate ligament rupture, obesity, and diabetes mellitus in either sex.

Inbreeding depression

A common breeding practice for pet dogs is mating between close relatives (e.g., between half-and full siblings). Inbreeding crisis is considered to be due mainly to the creation of homozygous unhealthy dormant deviations. Outcrossing in separate canines, including dogs of different breeds, results in the beneficial masking of harmful recessive mutations in offspring.

A study of seven breeds of dogs (Bernese mountain dog, basset hound, Cairn terrier, Epagneul Breton, German Shepherd dog, Leonberger, and West Highland white terrier) found that inbreeding decreases litter size and survival. 

New Age Bully Breed Unable To Reproduce Naturally

Another analysis of data on 42,855 dachshund litters found that as the inbreeding coefficient rose, litter quantity decreased, and the portion of stillborn pups raised, thus revealing inbreeding depression.

 In a study of boxer litters, 22% of puppies died before seven weeks old. Stillbirth was the most common reason for death, attended by disease. 

Mortality due to infection increased significantly with raises in inbreeding.

Intelligence

Dog intelligence is the dog’s capacity to understand information and maintain it as information to solve problems. 

Studies of two dogs propose that dogs can think by understanding and have excellent memory skills. A study with Rico, a border collie, showed that he comprehended the labels of over 200 various things. He understood the names of new items by exclusion learning, including accurately recovering those new items quickly and four weeks after the initial exposure. 

A study of another border collie, “Chaser,” documented his learning and memory capabilities. He had learned the names and could associate by verbal command over 1,000 words. Dogs can read and react appropriately to human body language, such as gesturing and pointing and human voice commands.

A 2018 study on canine cognitive skills found that dogs’ aptitudes remain no more exceptional than those of other creatures, such as horses, chimpanzees, or cats. Various animals, including pigs, pigeons, and chimpanzees, can identify the “what, where, and when” of an affair, which dogs cannot do.  

Dogs show a method of cognizance by meshing in betrayal. An exploratory study displayed compelling proof that Australian dingos can defeat domesticated dogs in non-social problem-solving, symbolizing that domestic dogs may have lost much of their primary problem-solving capabilities once they met humans. 

Another study showed that following support practice to solve a simple administration duty, dogs confronted with an unsolvable version of the same predicament look at the human, while socialized wolves do not.

Behavior

Dog behavior is the inside regulated responses (actions or inactions) of the domestic dog (individuals or groups) to inner and outer stimuli.

Bane and Athena at the Chicago Dog Beach

 As the oldest domesticated species, with estimations varying from 9,000–30,000 years BCE, dogs’ brains inescapably have transpired fashioned by utopias of contact with people.

 As a result of this environmental and cultural evolution, dogs have earned the ability to recognize and interact with humans more than any other species. They are uniquely attuned to human behaviors. 

Behavioral scientists have revealed a unique set of social-cognitive skills in the family dog. These abilities are not maintained by the dog’s closest canine relatives or other highly sensible mammals such as great apes but relatively alike to children’s social-cognitive skills.

Unlike other domestic species selected for production-related traits, dogs were chosen initially for their behaviors. In 2016, a study found that only 11 fixed genes presented a variety of wolves and dogs. These gene variations were unlikely to have been the outcome of fundamental metamorphosis and show a pick on both morphology and behavior while dogs learned domestication. 

These genes have been shown to affect the catecholamine synthesis pathway, with most of the genes affecting the fight-or-flight response (i.e., selection for tameness) and emotional processing. Dogs generally showed reduced fear and aggression compared with wolves. The genes associated with aggression in some dog breeds indicate their importance in both the initial domestication and next in breed development. 

Traits of high sociability dogs and lack of fear in dogs may include genetic adjustments related to Williams-Beuren syndrome in humans, which cause hyper sociability at the cost of problem-solving intelligence.

Communication

Dog communication is how dogs convey information to other dogs, understand messages from humans, and translate the information dogs are transmitting. Communication behaviors of dogs include eye gaze, facial expression, vocalization, body posture (including movements of bodies and limbs), and gustatory communication (scents, pheromones, and taste). Humans communicate with dogs by using vocalization, hand signals, and body posture.

Athena smiling and sleeping

Population

In 2013, an estimated global dog population was between 700 million and 987 million. However, it is known as “dog man’s best friend,” which refers to the >20% of dogs that live in advanced countries.

 In the developing world, dogs are more commonly wild or communally owned, with pet dogs uncommon. Most of these dogs live their lives as scavengers and have never been owned by humans, with one study showing their most common response when approached by strangers is to run away (52%) or react aggressively (11%). 

Little is known about these dogs or the strays in advanced countries that are wild, stray, or live in shelters because most modern research on dog cognition has centered on pet dogs living in human houses.

Competitors and predators

Although dogs are the most sufficient and broadly distributed terrestrial carnivores, feral, and free-ranging dogs’ potential to compete with other noble carnivores is limited by their powerful connection with humans. For example, a review of the studies in dogs’ competitive effects on sympatric carnivores did not discuss any examination on competition in dogs and wolves. 

Although wolves are known to kill dogs, they favor living in pairs or in small packs in spheres where they are numerous, supplying them with a weakness standing large dog groups. Wolves kill dogs wherever they are found together. 

One study reported that in Wisconsin, in 1999, more pay had been compensated for losses due to wolves hunting dogs than for wolves taking livestock. In Wisconsin, wolves will frequently kill tracking dogs, perhaps because they are in the wolf’s region. 

A strategy reported in Russia noted one wolf luring a dog into a large hedge where another, different wolf, waits in ambush. In some instances, wolves have displayed an uncharacteristic fearlessness of people and homes when attacking dogs, to the degree that they must to be beaten off or destroyed.

Although the quantities of dogs killed each year are moderately low, it provokes a concern of wolves invading settlements and farms to take canines, and eradicating dogs to wolves has driven to demands for more liberal wolf hunting laws.

Coyotes and big felines have similarly been known to strike dogs. In particular, leopards have been known to have a liking for dogs and have come known to kill and devour them no matter their size. 

Leopard

Reports of Tigers in Manchuria, Indochina, Indonesia, and Malaysia have shown many tiger’s likeliness to kill dogs.

Tiger in Manchuria

Striped hyenas are known to kill canines in Turkmenistan, India, and the Caucasus.

OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA: Striped Hyena

Diet

Dogs are carnivores or omnivores. Contrasted to wolves, canines from farming communities possess extra copies of amylase and other genetic factors such as those involved in starch digestion that contributes to an increased ability to prosper on a starch-rich regime.

 Also, like humans, some dog breeds produce amylase in their saliva. Based on metabolism and diet, many view the dog to be an omnivore.  

However, the dog is not only an omnivore. Likewise, like the cat and less like other omnivores, the dog can only manufacture bile acid with taurine, and it cannot generate vitamin D, which it receives from animal fat. Also, more like the cat, the dog demands arginine to support its nitrogen balance. These nutritional claims set the dog part-way amidst carnivores and omnivores.

Range

As a domesticated or semi-domesticated animal, the dog is nearly widespread among human societies.

 Notable exceptions once included:

  • Aboriginal Tasmanians, who were separated from Australia before the arrival of dingos on that continent.  
  • The Andamanese, who were isolated when rising sea levels, covered the land bridge to Myanmar.
  • The Fuegians, who instead domesticated the Fuegian dog, a different canid species
  • Individual Pacific islands whose maritime settlers did not bring dogs, or where dogs died out after original settlement, notably: the Mariana Islands, Palau, Marshall Islands, Gilbert Islands, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Tonga, Marquesas, Mangaia in the Cook Islands, Rapa Iti in French Polynesia, Easter Island, Chatham Islands, and Pitcairn Island (settled by the Bounty mutineers, who killed off their dogs to escape discovery by passing ships).
  • Dogs were introduced to Antarctica as sled dogs but were later outlawed by international agreement due to the possible risk of spreading infections.

Breeds

The domestic dog is the first species and the only large carnivore known to have been domesticated. Especially over the past 200 years, dogs have undergone rapid phenotypic change and were formed into today’s modern dog breeds due to humans’ artificial selection. These breeds can vary in size and weight from a 0.46 kg (1 lb) teacup poodle to a 90 kg (200 lb) giant mastiff. Phenotypic variation can include height measured to the withers ranging from 15.2 cm (6 in) in the Chihuahua to 76 cm (30 in) in the Irish Wolfhound. Color varies from white through grays (usually called “blue”) to black, and browns from light (tan) to dark (“red” or “chocolate”) in a wide variety of patterns; coats can be short or long, coarse-haired to wool-like, straight, curly, or smooth. The skull, body, and limb proportions vary significantly between breeds, with dogs displaying more phenotypic diversity than can be found within carnivores’ entire order. Some species demonstrate outstanding skills in herding, retrieving, scent detection, and guarding, presenting dogs’ functional and behavioral diversity. The first dogs were domesticated from shared ancestors of modern wolves; however, the phenotypic changes that coincided with the dog-wolf genetic divergence are unknown.

Roles with humans

Domestic dogs inherited problematic behaviors, such as bite inhibition, from their wolf ancestors, which would have been pack hunters with complex body language. These sophisticated forms of social cognition and communication may account for their trainability, playfulness, and ability to fit into human households and social situations. These attributes have given dogs a relationship with humans, enabling them to become one of the most successful species today. The dogs’ value to early human hunter-gatherers led to them quickly becoming ubiquitous across world cultures. Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship, and, more recently, aiding disabled individuals. This influence on human society has given them the nickname “man’s best friend” in the Western world. In some cultures, however, dogs are also a source of meat.

Early roles

Wolves, and their dog descendants, likely derived significant benefits from living in human camps – more safety, more reliable food, lesser caloric needs, and more chance to breed. They would have benefited from humans’ upright gait that gives them a more extensive range over which to see potential predators and prey, and better color vision that, at least by day, gives humans better visual discrimination. Camp dogs would also have benefited from human tool use, bringing down larger prey, and controlling fire for various purposes. Humans would also have derived enormous benefit from the dogs associated with their camps. For instance, dogs would have improved sanitation by cleaning up food scraps. Dogs may have provided warmth, as referred to in the Australian Aboriginal expression “three dog night” (a frigidly cold night). They would have alerted the camp to predators or strangers, using their acute hearing to provide an early warning. It has been suggested that the most significant benefit would have been the use of dogs’ robust sense of smell to assist with the hunt. The relationship between a dog’s presence and success in the pursuit is often mentioned as a primary reason for the domestication of the wolf, and a 2004 study of hunter groups with and without a dog gives quantitative support to the hypothesis that the benefits of cooperative hunting were an essential factor in wolf domestication.

 The cohabitation of dogs and humans likely improved the chances of survival for early human groups. The domestication of dogs may have been one of the fundamental forces that led to social success. 

Human emigrants from Siberia that came across the Bering land bridge into North America likely had dogs in their company. Although one writer even suggests that sled dogs’ use may have been critical to the success of the waves that entered North America roughly 12,000 years ago, the earliest archaeological evidence of dog-like canids in North America dates from about 9,400 years ago. Dogs were an essential part of life for the Athabascan population in North America and were their only domesticated animal. Dogs as pack animals may have contributed to the Apache and Navajo tribes’ migration 1,400 years ago. This use of dogs in these cultures often persisted after the introduction of the horse to North America.

As pets

It is estimated that three-quarters of the world’s dog population lives in the developing world as feral, village, or community dogs, with pet dogs uncommon.” The most widespread form of interspecies bonding occurs between humans and dogs” and the keeping of dogs as companions, particularly by elites, has a long history (see the Bonn–Oberkassel dog). Pet-dog populations grew significantly after World War II as suburbanization increased. In the 1950s and 1960s, dogs were kept outside more often than they tend to be today (the expression “in the doghouse” – recorded since 1932 – to describe exclusion from the group implies a distance between the doghouse and the home) and were still primarily functional, acting as a guard, children’s playmate, or walking companion. 

From the 1980s, there have been changes in the pet dog’s role, such as dogs’ increased role in their human guardians’ emotional support. People and their dogs have become increasingly integrated and implicated in each other’s lives, to the point where pet dogs actively shape how a family and home are experienced.

There have been two significant trends occurring within the second half of the 20th century in pet dogs’ changing status. The first has been the “commodification,” shaping it to conform to social expectations of personality and behavior. The second has been the broadening of the family’s concept and the home to include dogs-as-dogs within everyday routines and practices. A vast range of commodity forms aims to transform a pet dog into an ideal companion. The list of goods, services, and places available are enormous: from dog perfumes, couture, furniture, and housing, to dog groomers, therapists, trainers and caretakers, dog cafes, spas, parks and beaches, and dog hotels, airlines, and cemeteries. While dog training as an organized activity has operated since the 18th century, it became a high-profile issue in the last decades of the 20th century. Many normal dog behaviors such as barking, jumping up, digging, rolling in dung, fighting, and urine marking (which dogs do to establish territory through scent) became increasingly incompatible with a pet dog’s new role. Dog training books, classes, and television programs proliferated as the process of commodifying the pet dog continued.

 Most contemporary dog owners describe their pet as part of the family, although some ambivalence about the relationship is evident in the dog-human family’s popular reconceptualization as a pack. Some dog-trainers, such as on the television program Dog Whisperer, have promoted a dominance-model of dog-human relationships. However, it has been disputed that “trying to achieve status” is characteristic of dog-human interactions. Pet dogs play an active role in family life; for example, a study of conversations in dog-human families showed how family members use the dog as a resource, talking to the dog or talking through the dog; to mediate their interactions with each other.

dogs at dinner

Increasingly, human family-members engage in activities centered on the dog’s perceived needs and interests. The dog is an integral partner, such as dog dancing and dog yoga.

 According to statistics published by the American Pet Products Manufacturers Association in the National Pet Owner Survey in 2009–2010, an estimated 77.5 million people in the United States have pet dogs. The same source shows that nearly 40% of American households own at least one dog, of which 67% own just one dog, 25% two dogs, and almost 9% more than two dogs. 

There does not seem to be any gender preference among dogs as pets, as the statistical data reveal an equal number of female and male dog pets. Although several programs promote pet adoption, less than a fifth of the owned dogs come from shelters.

Some research suggests that a pet dog produces a considerable carbon footprint. A study using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to compare humans and dogs showed that dogs have the same response to voices and use the same brain parts as humans do. This gives dogs the ability to recognize human emotional sounds, making them friendly social pets to humans.

Work

Dogs have lived and worked with humans in many roles. In addition to dogs’ role as companion animals, dogs have been bred for herding livestock (collies, sheepdogs), hunting (hounds, pointers), and rodent control (terriers). Other types of working dogs include search and rescue dogs, detection dogs trained to detect illicit drugs or chemical weapons; guard dogs; dogs who assist fishers with the use of nets; and dogs that pull loads. In 1957, the dog Laika became the first animal to be launched into Earth orbit, aboard the Soviets’ Sputnik 2; she died during the flight. 

Various kinds of service dogs and assistance dogs, including guide dogs, hearing dogs, mobility assistance dogs, and psychiatric service dogs, assist individuals with disabilities. Some dogs owned by people with epilepsy have shown to alert their handler when the handler shows predictions of an impending seizure, sometimes considerably in advance of the attack, providing the guardian to seek safety, medication, or medical care.

Sports and shows

People often enter their dogs in competitions, such as breed-conformation shows or sports, including racing, sledding, and agility competitions.

In conformation shows, also referred to as breed shows, a judge familiar with the specific dog breed evaluates individual purebred dogs for conformity with their established breed type as described in the breed standard. As the breed standard only deals with the dog’s externally observable qualities (such as appearance, movement, and temperament), separately tested qualities (such as ability or health) are not part of the judging in conformation shows.

As food

Canine meat is eaten in some East Asian nations, including Korea, China, and Vietnam, which records back to Athens. It is estimated that 13–16 million dogs are killed and consumed in Asia every year

In China, disputes have happened over forbidding the eating of dog meat. Following the Sui and Tang dynasties of the first millennium, people inhabiting northerly China’s fields started to shun consuming dogs, which is possible due to Buddhism and Islam’s spread, two religions that prohibited the eating of specific creatures, including canine. 

As constituents of the uppermost classes evaded dog meat, it increasingly grew a cultural no-no to eat it, even though the general populace resumed to eat it for hundreds of years afterward.

Different cultures, such as Polynesia and pre-Columbian Mexico, also consumed dog meat in their archives. However, Western, South Asian, African, and Middle Eastern cultures, in common, view dog meat-eating as taboo. 

In some communities, though, such as Poland’s in-country areas, dog fat is acknowledged to have healing characteristics – being good for the lungs, for instance. 

Dog meat is also consumed in some sections of Switzerland. Proponents of eating dog meat have argued that placing a distinction between livestock and dogs is western hypocrisy and that there is no difference in eating different animals’ hearts.

In Korea, the primary reason for breeding the fundamental canine variety raised is for meat, the nureongi (누렁이), which differs from those breeds bred for pets that Koreans may have in their homes. The most popular Korean dog dish is gaejang-guk (also named bosintang), a savory soup intended to replace the body’s heat during summer. Followers of the system claim this is done to ensure good health by balancing their gi or the body’s vital energy. A 19th-century version of gaejang-guk tells that the meal is brewed by boiling dog meat with scallions and chili powder. Varieties of the dish contain chicken and bamboo shoots. While the recipes are yet every day in Korea with a state division, the dog is not as broadly utilized as beef, chicken, and pork.

Health risks to humans

In 2005, the WHO reported that 55,000 people died in Asia and Africa from rabies, a disease for which dogs are the most critical vector. 

Citing a 2008 study, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control estimated in 2015 that 4.5 million people in the USA are bitten by dogs each year. A 2015 study estimated that 1.8% of the U.S. population is bitten each year.

 In the 1980s and 1990s, the U.S. averaged 17 fatalities per year, while since 2007, this has increased to an average of 31. 77% of dog bites are from the pet of family or friends, and 50% of attacks occur on the dog’s legal owner’s property. 

A Colorado study found bites in children were less severe than bites in adults. The incidence of dog bites in the U.S. is 12.9 per 10,000 inhabitants, but for boys aged 5 to 9, the incidence rate is 60.7 per 10,000. Moreover, children have a much higher chance of being bitten in the face or neck. Sharp claws with powerful muscles behind them can lacerate flesh in a scratch that can lead to severe infections.

 In the U.K., between 2003 and 2004, there were 5,868 dog attacks on humans, resulting in 5,770 working days lost in sick leave. 

In the United States, cats and dogs are a factor in more than 86,000 falls each year. It has been estimated that around 2% of dog-related injuries treated in U.K. hospitals are domestic accidents. The same study found that while dog involvement in road traffic accidents was difficult to quantify, dog-associated road accidents involving injury more commonly involved two-wheeled vehicles. 

Toxocara Canis (dog roundworm) eggs in dog feces can cause toxocariasis. In the United States, about 10,000 cases of Toxocara infection are reported in humans each year, and almost 14% of the U.S. population is infected. In Great Britain, 24% of soil samples taken from public parks contained T. canis eggs. Untreated toxocariasis can cause retinal damage and decreased vision. Dog feces can also contain hookworms that cause cutaneous larva in humans.

Health

Canines, or dogs, suffer from common illnesses as people; these cover cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and neurologic dysfunctions. This pathogeny is comparable to humans, as is their acknowledgment of medicine and their outcomes. Researchers are now identifying the genes associated with dog diseases similar to human disorders but lack rodent prototypes to obtain canines and humans.

 The genes affected in canine obsessive-compulsive sicknesses led to discovering four genes in humans’ relevant pathways. The scientific data is jumbled about whether a dog’s company can improve human physical health and cerebral well-being. 

Studies implying that there are advantages to physical health and psychological well-being have been scrutinized for being poorly regulated. It discovered that “the health of elderly people is related to their health habits and social supports but not to their ownership of, or attachment to, a companion animal.” More advanced studies have shown that people that own pet dogs or cats display more excellent subconscious and physical health than those who do not, causing fewer visits to the doctor and implying less likely to be on prescription medication than non-pet owners.

A 2005 paper states, “recent research has failed to support earlier findings that pet ownership is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, reduced use of general practitioner services, or any medications.

 However, research has pointed to significantly less absenteeism from school through sickness among children who live with pets.” In one study, new guardians reported a significant reduction in minor health difficulties throughout the first month following pet possession. This effect was supported in those with dogs through to the end of the study. 

People with pet dogs took considerably more physical exercise than those with cats and those without pets. The results provide evidence that keeping pets may have positive effects on human health and behavior and that for guardians of dogs, these effects are relatively long-term. Pet guardianship has also been associated with increased coronary artery disease survival. Human guardians are significantly less likely to die within one year of an acute myocardial infarction than those who did not own dogs. 

The health benefits of dogs can result from contact with dogs in general, not solely from having dogs as pets. For example, people show reductions in cardiovascular, behavioral, and psychological indicators of anxiety in a pet dog’s presence.

 According to the hygiene hypothesis, other health benefits are gained from exposure to immune-stimulating microorganisms, protecting against allergies and autoimmune diseases.

 The benefits of contact with a dog also include social support, as dogs can provide companionship and social support themselves and act as facilitators of social interactions between humans. One study indicated that wheelchair users experience more positive social interactions with strangers when accompanied by a dog than when they are not. In 2015, a study found that pet owners were significantly more likely to get to know people in their neighborhood than non-pet owners. 

Using dogs and other animals as a part of therapy dates back to the late 18th century when animals were introduced into mental institutions to help socialize patients with mental disorders. Animal-assisted intervention research has shown that animal-assisted therapy with a dog can increase social behaviors, such as smiling and laughing, among people with Alzheimer’s disease. One study demonstrated that children with ADHD and conduct disorders who participated in an education program with dogs and other animals showed increased attendance, increased knowledge and skill objectives, and decreased antisocial and violent behavior compared with those not in an animal-assisted program.

ADDITIONALLY AWESOME STUFF ABOUT DOGS!

  • Every year, between 6 and 8 million dogs and cats enter U.S. animal shelters. The Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) estimates that approximately 3 to 4 million of those dogs and cats are euthanized yearly in the United States. The percentage of dogs in U.S. animal shelters eventually adopted and removed from holes by their new legal owners has increased since the mid-1990s from around 25% to a 2012 average of 40% among reporting shelters (with many shelters reporting 60–75%).
  • Terminology
  • The term dog typically is applied to the species (or subspecies) as a whole and any adult male member.
  • An adult female is a bitch.
  • An adult male capable of reproduction is a stud.
  • An adult female capable of reproduction is a brood bitch.
  • An immature male or female (that is, an animal not yet capable of reproduction) is a puppy.
  • A group of puppies from the same gestation period is a litter.
  • The father of a litter is a sire.
  • The mother of a litter is a dam.
  • A group of three or more adults is a pack.
  • A pack leader is an alpha. Typically a pack will have either an individual alpha or a male-female alpha pair.
  • Pack members subservient to alphas are betas.
  • Pack members subsidiary to all other members are omegas.

Cultural depictions

  • In China, Korea, and Japan, dogs are viewed as suitable protectors.

Mythicism and spirituality

  • In ancient Mesopotamia, of the Old Babylonian era to the Neo-Babylonian, canines were the representation of Ninisina, the goddess of healing and medicine, and her worshippers constantly sanctified miniature figures of seated hounds to her. In the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian days, dogs were used as symbols of charm protection. 
  •  In mythology, canines often serve as pets or as watchdogs. Legends of dogs tending the gates of the netherworld recur throughout Indo-European mythologies and may originate from Proto-Indo-European religion. In Greek mythology, Cerberus is a three-headed watchdog who guards the gates of Hades. In Norse mythology, a bloody, four-eyed dog named Garmr guards Helheim. 
  • In Persian mythology, two four-eyed canines patrol the Chinvat Bridge. 
  • In Welsh mythology, Annwn is shielded by Cŵn Annwn. 
  • In Hindu mythology, Yama, the god of death, holds two watchdogs who have four eyes. They are narrated to guard the gates of Naraka.
  • The hunter god, Muthappan, from the North Malabar area of Kerala, possesses a hunting dog as his mount. Hounds are observed in and out of the Muthappan Temple, and sacrifices at the shrine use the design of bronze dog figurines. 
  • In Philippine mythology, Kimat, the pet of Tadaklan, the god of thunder, is bound for lightning.
  • The dog’s role in Chinese mythology includes a spot as one of the twelve creatures that cyclically describe ages (the zodiacal dog).

Three of the 88 constellations in western astronomy also represent dogs:

  • Canis Major (the Great Dog, whose brightest star, Sirius, is also called the Dog Star)
  • Canis Minor (the Little Dog)
  • Canes Venatici (the Hunting Dogs)
  • In Christianity, dogs represent loyalty.
  •  Within the Roman Catholic church individually, the iconography of Saint Dominic includes a dog, followed by the “hallow’s mother dream,” where a dog is springing from her womb and symbolizes pregnancy shortly after. As such, the Dominican Order (Ecclesiastical Latin: Dominicanus’ means “dogs of the lord” or “hounds of the Lord.” (Ecclesiastical Latin: Domini Canis)
  •  In Christian folklore, a church grim often takes the form of a black dog to guard Christian churches and their churchyards from sacrilege.
  • Jewish law does not prohibit keeping dogs and other pets. Jewish law commands Jews to maintain dogs (and different animals that people own) before themselves also perform arrangements for maintaining them before purchasing them.
  • The view on dogs in Islam is diverse, with some schools of knowledge seeing it as dirty. However, Khaled Abou El Fadl states that this aspect is based upon “pre-Islamic Arab mythology” and “a tradition to be falsely attributed to the Prophet.” Therefore, Sunni Malaki and Hanafi jurists permit the trade of and keeping of canines as pets.

Literature

  • In Homer’s epic poem, the Odyssey, when the disguised Odysseus returns home after 20 years, he is recognized only by his faithful dog, Argos, who has been waiting for his arrival.

Art

  • Artistic depictions of canines in art stretch back thousands of years to when dogs were depicted on caves’ walls. Illustrations of dogs grew more detailed as particular classes developed, and the relationships between individual and canine evolved. Hunting scenes were famous in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Canines were portrayed to signify guidance, protection, loyalty, fidelity, faithfulness, watchfulness, and love.

Education and appreciation

  • The American Kennel Club reopened a museum called “Museum of the Dog” in Manhattan after transferring the attraction from outside of St. Louis. The museum includes old artifacts, exceptional art, and enlightening opportunities for guests.

See also

  • Lists of dogs
  • List of individual dogs

Further reading

  • Alexandra Horowitz (2016). Being a Dog: Following the Dog Into a World of Smell. Scribner. ISBN 978-1476795997.

External links

  • Biodiversity Heritage Library bibliography for Canis lupus familiaris
  • Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) – World Canine Organisation
  • Dogs in the Ancient World, an article on the history of dogs
  • View the dog genome on Ensemble

Citings/References/Bibliography

Living your life with purpose

Living your life with purpose


Mindfulness, faith, spirituality, or whatever you can relate to personally when it comes to your existence. Find an anchor, a theme, something you can visualize your existence on earth. This is important because whatever you want to call it, you are here for a specific reason, you are here with a purpose. When everything is changing in this universal catastrophe called 2020, it’s time for you to find your calling. 

If you think this sounds foolish, maybe it does. It also maybe doesn’t, so embrace the embarrassment. When you feel uncomfortable with an idea, or foolish for thinking about your “purpose” remember that every time you step out of your comfort zone, you are taking another step towards achieving something important, something with meaning. The more life scares you, the more you’re being pushed to your purpose. Monetize My Skillset, Live My Purpose « Larry Kessler 

Living With Purpose

Some of us were born lucky. With a clear passion that is obvious and clear to themselves and others around them. They may be talented and in persistent practice with working on their talents. They may have turned their talent into a skill which they now use in the work industry. 

Defining your path as early as possible (usually 25-30) is the most important decision in your life. But, curiously enough, this is something some can discover in their teens, their twenties, or even late in life. The reason for defining your purpose early on is so that you can live in peace. You can live a happy life with the direction you chose. You will fulfill your purpose.

 Having a purposeful life, whether it be manufacturing guitars or tennis or volunteer work, plays a heavy role in your mental and physical health, researchers find. It even showed to be of more importance in lowering the risk of death than exercising regularly. Some researchers suggest that having a life purpose reduces stress and anxiety, thus not compromising their immune systems constantly trying to figure themselves out.

Having a purpose in life may decrease your risk of dying early. Researchers analyzed data from nearly 7,000 American adults between the ages of 51 and 61 who filled out psychological questionnaires on the relationship between mortality and life purpose. What they found surprised them, 

“People who didn’t have a strong sense of life purpose — which was defined as ‘a self-organizing life aim that stimulates goals’— were more likely to die than those who did, and specifically more likely to die of cardiovascular diseases. ” Celeste Leigh Pearce, one of the authors of the study published in JAMA Current Open.

“I approached this with a very skeptical eye,” says Pearce, an associate professor of epidemiology at the University of Michigan. “I just find it so convincing that I’m developing a whole research program around it.” Those who lack a strong spirit or purpose are at least twice as likely to die between the study conducted the years of 2006 through 2010, comparing those studies with the studies of participants who claim they have a life with a purpose. This relationship between a low level of purpose in life and fatality has remained accurate despite how wealthy or how poor participators are, and regardless of their sex, ethnicity, or educational level. The researchers also discovered the relationship to be so powerful that knowing and having a life purpose seemed to be more significant for lowering the risk of death than drinkingsmoking, or exercising regularly

“Just like people have basic physical needs, like to sleep and eat and drink, they have basic psychological needs,” Alan Rozanski, a professor at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

The study conducted adds to a small but growing body of literature on the relationship between life purpose and physical health. Rozanski published a 2016 paper in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, He used data from 10 different studies to prove that strong knowledge of life purpose was correlated to lower risk of death and cardiovascular events, such as heart attacks or stroke. The researchers for the new JAMA Current Open study pulled data from a bombastic study of senior American adults called the Health and Retirement Study. The study participants were asked a diverse range of questions on matters such as monetary resourcesphysical wellness, and home life

A subset of study participants filled out psychological questionnaires, including a study named the Psychological Wellbeing Scale, in 2006. This included questions specifically intended to interpret how significant a person’s feeling of their life purpose is. The questionnaire asked them to rate their answer to questions such as, “Some people wander through life, but I am not one of them.” The study research authors used participants’ answers to provide evidence of how strong their degree of life purpose was. The research authors then deligate information on participants’ physical wellbeing as of 2010, including whether or not participants died, was studied, and what the cause of their death was. 

“What matters, Is not exactly what a person’s life purpose is, but that they have one. For some, it might be raising children. For others, it might be doing Veterinary work, wherever your life fulfillment comes from can be very personal and individualistic to oneself.” Researchers state.

The study’s lead author, Aliya Alimujiang, who is a doctoral student in epidemiology at the University of Michigan, says she got involved in the study because of a personal interest in meditationmindfulnessforgiveness, and wellness. Before she started graduate schoolAlimujiang worked as a volunteer ai at a breast cancer clinic and says she was stricken by how the patients could easily articulate how they found substance in their life and how they seemed to be doing better than before they figured it out. That goes through experience helped her specify part of her living purpose: researching the life purpose phenomenon. “I had a close relationship with breast cancer inpatients. I saw the scared looks and anxiety and depression they had underneath their promising smiles,” Alimujiang says. “That helped me to apply for school. That’s how I started my career.” 

“While the link between life purpose and physical well-being seems strong, more research is needed to explore the physiological connection between the two, like whether having a low life purpose is connected to high levels of stress hormones. She also hopes to study public health strategies — like types of therapy or educational tools — that might help people develop a strong sense of their life’s work. What I’m struck by is the strength of our findings, as well as the consistency in the literature overall, it appears quite convincing” A researcher on the subject states

Bibliography 

13 Ways Living with Purpose Makes You Happier and More Fulfilled. (1970). Retrieved on September 28, 2020, from https://www.lifehack.org/814085/living-with-purpose. 

7 Strange Questions That Help You Find Your Life Purpose | Mark …. (1970). Retrieved on September 28, 2020, from https://markmanson.net/life-purpose. 

Having a Purpose In Life May Lessen The Risk Of Early Death …. (1970). Retrieved on September 28, 2020, from https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/05/25/726695968/whats-your-purpose-finding-a-sense-of-meaning-in-life-is-linked-to-health. 

Life Purpose: 10 Tips to Learn How to Find Your Passion | Jack …. (1970). Retrieved on September 28, 2020, from https://www.jackcanfield.com/blog/finding-life-purpose/. 

Amandine S’iita. (1970). Living a Life of Purpose is the Key for Well. Retrieved on September 28, 2020, from https://medium.com/the-ascent/living-a-life-of-purpose-is-the-key-for-well-being-happiness-and-success-1bb1f3b13322. 

Thomas Oppong. (1970). The Dangerous Approach of Living Without Purpose | by Thomas …. Retrieved on September 28, 2020, from https://medium.com/personal-growth/the-dangerous-approach-of-living-without-purpose-798a87c5d3a6. 

Jay Shetty